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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Magnetoresistance in two-component systems.

P S Alekseev1, A P Dmitriev1, I V Gornyi1,2,3

  • 1A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia.

Physical Review Letters
|May 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-component systems with balanced electron and hole concentrations show linear magnetoresistance in strong magnetic fields. This occurs in finite-size samples due to edge effects and recombination, particularly in narrow materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Two-component systems with balanced electron and hole concentrations are crucial in condensed matter physics.
  • Understanding their response to magnetic fields is key for novel electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of nonsaturating, linear magnetoresistance in such systems.
  • To elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms, particularly in finite-size samples.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of two-component systems under strong magnetic fields.
  • Modeling the effects of charge neutrality, recombination, and the compensated Hall effect.

Main Results:

  • Nonsaturating, linear magnetoresistance observed in systems with equal electron and hole concentrations.
  • The effect is linked to excess quasiparticle density near sample edges due to the compensated Hall effect.
  • Boundary region size, determined by electron-hole recombination length, scales inversely with magnetic field.

Conclusions:

  • Linear magnetoresistance dominates in narrow samples and strong magnetic fields where boundary effects are significant.
  • The findings are applicable to various materials including semimetals, narrow band semiconductors, and topological insulators.