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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Co-Culture of Murine Small Intestine Epithelial Organoids with Innate Lymphoid Cells
Published on: March 23, 2022
NOD-Like Receptors: Guardians of Intestinal Mucosal Barriers
Anne-Kathrin Claes1, Jun Yu Zhou2, Dana J Philpott3
1Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division Models of Inflammation, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; and Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany claes.ak@outlook.com dana.philpott@utoronto.ca.
Abstract:
The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors, which are critically involved in mucosal immune defense. The association of the NLR, NOD2, with inflammatory bowel disease first pointed to the NLRs potential function as guardians of the intestinal barrier. Since then, several studies have emphasized the importance of NLRs in maintaining gut homeostasis and intestinal infections, and in shaping the microbiota. In this review, we will highlight the function of NLRs in intestinal inflammation.
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