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    This study introduces a preclinical PET/MRI system using digital silicon photomultipliers, achieving high resolution and sensitivity for advanced molecular imaging. The hybrid system demonstrates excellent performance and versatility for in vivo studies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Nuclear Medicine

    Background:

    • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) integration offers synergistic molecular and anatomical insights.
    • Digital Silicon Photomultipliers (dSiPMs) represent an advancement in scintillation detector technology, promising enhanced PET signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a preclinical PET/MRI system using dSiPMs as an insert for clinical MRI scanners.
    • To assess the performance and capabilities of the hybrid system for simultaneous molecular and anatomical imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • A preclinical PET/RF gantry with 1-mm scintillation crystal pitch and Philips Digital Photon Counting (PDPC) dSiPMs was developed.
    • The system was integrated into a clinical MRI scanner, featuring exchangeable RF coils and automatic volume shimming for B0 homogeneity.
    • Performance was evaluated using phantoms and in vivo studies in tumor-bearing mice, including multi-nuclei MRI and PET/MRI motion-capturing (CINE) imaging.

    Main Results:

    • The hybrid PET/MRI system achieved high PET sensitivity and resolution (0.73 mm spatial, 260 ps time resolution with optimized settings).
    • MRI SNR degradation was minimal (5-13%), and PET performance metrics (count rates, energy/spatial resolution) were unaffected by MRI sequences.
    • Phantom studies showed no visible image differences, and both modalities resolved 0.8-mm rods.
    • Simultaneous multi-nuclei MRI ((1)H/(19)F) and PET ((18)F-FDG) imaging was successfully demonstrated.
    • In vivo studies confirmed system operability, stability, and capability for motion-capturing cardiac and respiratory-gated imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed preclinical PET/MRI system, leveraging dSiPM technology, provides high-performance, simultaneous molecular and anatomical imaging.
    • The system's versatility and stability are suitable for advanced preclinical research, including longitudinal studies and dynamic physiological imaging.
    • This hybrid imaging approach enhances temporal and spatial image registration, crucial for understanding complex biological processes.