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Related Concept Videos

The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
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The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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The Proteasome02:18

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The Proteasome Structure01:17

The Proteasome Structure

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The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a well-known mechanism utilized by eukaryotic cells to remove cytoplasmic proteins that are misfolded, damaged, or no longer needed. In this pathway, the protein that needs to be eliminated undergoes a process called ubiquitination, where a chain of ubiquitin molecules is attached to the 48th lysine residue of the target protein. This ubiquitin modification helps the proteasome distinguish between a target protein and a healthy protein.
The proteasome is an...
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Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

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Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
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Proteasome inhibitors.

Beverly A Teicher1, Joseph E Tomaszewski1

  • 1Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States.

Biochemical Pharmacology
|May 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteasome inhibitors, like bortezomib, have revolutionized multiple myeloma treatment over 20 years. Newer agents show promise, expanding cancer therapy options.

Keywords:
BortezomibCarfilzomibIxazomib citrateMLN9708Proteasome

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Proteasome inhibitors represent a significant advancement in cancer therapy, with a 20-year history.
  • Bortezomib, the first proteasome inhibitor, marked a breakthrough in multiple myeloma treatment, gaining FDA approval in 2003.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and impact of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy.
  • To highlight the evolution from early reversible inhibitors to next-generation agents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development and clinical trials of proteasome inhibitors.
  • Analysis of drug mechanisms, including reversible boronic acids and irreversible epoxyketones.

Main Results:

  • Bortezomib and carfilzomib are FDA-approved; ixazomib and oprozomib are in late-stage trials.
  • Multiple myeloma cells exhibit heightened sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors.
  • These agents are potent cytotoxics primarily targeting hematologic malignancies.

Conclusions:

  • Proteasome inhibitors have profoundly impacted hematologic malignancy treatment.
  • Ongoing research explores their potential in non-cancer indications.