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A classic mimicker of systemic vasculitis.

Marc Moreno-Ariño1, Vera Ortiz-Santamaria2, Aída Deudero Infante3

  • 1Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, Barcelona, España.

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Summary

Atrial myxoma can mimic systemic vasculitis, presenting with constitutional symptoms and skin issues. Early diagnosis is crucial as delays can lead to serious complications.

Keywords:
Cardiac tumorMimickerMixomaMyxomaPseudovasculitisSeudovasculitisSimuladorSystemic vasculitisTumor cardíacoVasculitis sistémica

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Intracavitary cardiac tumors, specifically atrial myxoma, can present with embolic and constitutional symptoms.
  • These symptoms often mimic systemic vasculitis, complicating diagnosis, especially when cardiac manifestations are absent.

Observation:

  • A case of atrial myxoma is presented with an atypical presentation solely as a systemic disease.
  • A literature review identified 11 similar cases of atrial myxoma mimicking vasculitis.

Findings:

  • Constitutional symptoms and cutaneous manifestations were the most common presentations in these cases.
  • Partial response to glucorticosteroid treatment suggests an inflammatory role in the pathogenesis.
  • The mean delay in diagnosis was over 12 months, highlighting diagnostic challenges.

Implications:

  • Atrial myxoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of systemic vasculitis, particularly when cardiac signs are absent.
  • Delayed diagnosis of atrial myxoma can lead to severe complications.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis and diagnostic markers for atrial myxoma is warranted.