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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Anorexia Nervosa01:28

Anorexia Nervosa

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Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
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Individuals with anorexia nervosa commonly exhibit extreme...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Pharmacology and Genomics for Assessing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice
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[Osteoporosis: a gender specific disease].

Hiroshi Matsushita, Akihiko Wakatsuki

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |May 5, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Osteoporosis disproportionately affects women, increasing their fracture risk. However, estrogen deficiency also significantly contributes to osteoporosis development in men, highlighting a shared risk factor.

    Area of Science:

    • Bone biology
    • Endocrinology
    • Gerontology

    Context:

    • Osteoporosis is a prevalent skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration.
    • Women exhibit a higher incidence of osteoporosis and fractures compared to men due to physiological differences and postmenopausal hormonal changes.
    • Skeletal development during growth significantly influences peak bone mass and lifelong bone health.

    Purpose:

    • To elucidate the role of estrogen deficiency in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in both women and men.
    • To compare the impact of sex steroid decline on bone mineral density across different age groups and sexes.

    Summary:

    • Estrogen deficiency post-menopause accelerates bone resorption and density loss in women.
    • Aging men experience a more gradual decline in sex steroids and bone mineral density.

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  • Despite pronounced effects in women, estrogen deficiency is a critical factor in male osteoporosis development.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding the shared role of estrogen deficiency in osteoporosis pathogenesis can inform sex-specific and sex-neutral therapeutic strategies.
    • Highlights the importance of considering hormonal factors in both sexes for effective osteoporosis prevention and management.
    • Provides insights into the differential impact of aging and hormonal changes on skeletal health in men and women.