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Structure of a Gene

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...

Protein Networks

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

Protein Networks

Protein Networks

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

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Dynamics on genes network structures. An ago-antagonist approach.

Armando Bazzani, Paolo Freguglia

Theoretical Biology Forum

|May 5, 2015

Summary

This study applies mathematical ago-antagonist theory to explore gene activity networks. It builds upon previous work on Darwinian Evolution Theory, focusing on the dynamics within gene networks.

Area of Science:

Evolutionary Biology
Systems Biology
Mathematical Biology

Background:

Builds upon prior research on structural aspects of Darwinian Evolution Theory.
Utilizes mathematical ago-antagonist theory, inspired by Y. Cherruault's work.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the network structure of gene activity.
To analyze the dynamics of gene activity networks.

Main Methods:

Application of a mathematical ago-antagonist theory.
Analysis of gene activity at a network level.

Main Results:

The study examines the network structure of gene activity.
The dynamics of these gene networks are analyzed.

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Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

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Conclusions:

The research provides insights into the structural and dynamic aspects of gene activity networks.
This work extends the mathematical modeling of evolutionary processes.