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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

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Cleidocranial dysplasia.

Neeraj Kumar Dhiman1, Akhilesh Kumar Singh1, Naresh Kumar Sharma1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery
|May 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting bone development, primarily the clavicle. This report details a case study of a 10-year-old boy exhibiting typical CCD skeletal and dental features.

Keywords:
Clavicular hypoplasiacleidocranial dysostosiscleidocranial dysplasia

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Orthopedics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder.
  • It is characterized by impaired ossification, leading to skeletal and dental abnormalities.
  • The clavicle is frequently affected, and prevalence is estimated at one in millions of live births.

Observation:

  • A case report of a 10-year-old boy is presented.
  • The patient displayed characteristic features consistent with Cleidocranial dysplasia.

Findings:

  • The case highlights the typical presentation of Cleidocranial dysplasia in a pediatric patient.
  • Diagnostic confirmation relies on recognizing the specific skeletal and dental anomalies.

Implications:

  • Understanding CCD presentation is crucial for early diagnosis and management.
  • Further research into ossification pathways may reveal therapeutic targets.
  • This case contributes to the existing literature on rare skeletal dysplasias.