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Related Concept Videos

COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth
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In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

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Polypeptide vesicles with densely packed multilayer membranes.

Ziyuan Song1, Hojun Kim, Xiaochu Ba

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. jianjunc@illinois.edu.

Soft Matter
|May 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created novel polypeptide vesicles with densely packed multilayer membranes using a rod-coil copolymer. Adjusting polymer block size and rigidity controls vesicle structure, offering new self-assembly insights.

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Measuring Peptide Translocation into Large Unilamellar Vesicles
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Measuring Peptide Translocation into Large Unilamellar Vesicles
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Measuring Peptide Translocation into Large Unilamellar Vesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Multilamellar membranes, like lipid vesicles, offer enhanced barrier properties.
  • Exploration of multilamellar polymersomes is limited compared to lipid-based systems.
  • Self-assembled polymeric structures are crucial for advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel polypeptide vesicles with densely packed multilayer membranes.
  • To investigate the influence of copolymer composition and conformation on vesicle self-assembly.
  • To explore the stimuli-responsive disassembly of these polypeptide vesicles.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(γ-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)-l-glutamate) (PEG-b-PL) rod-coil copolymers.
  • Self-assembly of PEG-b-PL into vesicle structures.
  • Characterization of membrane structures using techniques sensitive to ordering and morphology.
  • UV-induced disassembly triggered by ester bond cleavage and conformational changes.

Main Results:

  • Formation of polypeptide vesicles with unprecedented densely packed multilayer membrane structures.
  • Demonstration of smectic ordering of hydrophobic polypeptide rods with PEG segments intercalated.
  • Correlation between PEG block length and hydrophobic polypeptide rigidity with resulting membrane architectures (e.g., bilayer sheets, compound micelles).
  • UV treatment induced disassembly via helix-to-coil transition and altered amphiphilicity.

Conclusions:

  • Precise control over self-assembled polypeptide vesicle structures is achievable by tuning copolymer composition and conformation.
  • These findings offer new insights into designing advanced polymeric materials with tailored barrier properties.
  • The developed polypeptide vesicles represent a novel platform for stimuli-responsive drug delivery or encapsulation systems.