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Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

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Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
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[Esophageal motility disorders].

M Müller1, I Gockel

  • 1Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Aukammallee 33, 65191, Wiesbaden, Deutschland, michaela.mueller2@helios-kliniken.de.

Der Internist
|May 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Esophageal motility disorders affect swallowing due to neuromuscular issues. High-resolution manometry and the Chicago Classification improve diagnosis of these conditions, including achalasia and hypercontractile or hypocontractile disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neuromuscular Disorders
  • Esophageal Physiology

Context:

  • Esophageal motility disorders cause swallowing dysfunction via neuromuscular changes.
  • Achalasia is well-defined, but hypercontractile and hypocontractile disorders lack clear mechanisms.
  • Dysphagia and chest pain are primary symptoms.

Purpose:

  • To review major esophageal motility disorders.
  • To highlight diagnostic advancements and classifications.

Summary:

  • Esophageal motility disorders involve neuromuscular coordination issues affecting function.
  • Diagnosis relies on manometry, endoscopy, and barium swallow.
  • High-resolution manometry (HRM) and the Chicago Classification have refined diagnosis and functional classification.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of esophageal motility disorders.
  • Enhanced diagnostic accuracy through HRM and Chicago Classification.
  • Better assessment and management strategies for patients with swallowing difficulties.