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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Type 1 diabetes guidelines: Are they enough?

Abdul Hamid Zargar1

  • 1Consultant Endocrinologist, Advanced Centre for Diabetes and Endocrine Care, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|May 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management requires lifelong care and risk reduction strategies. Evidence-based guidelines are crucial for optimal patient outcomes and public awareness of T1DM complications.

Keywords:
Guidelinesself-managementtype 1 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management has evolved significantly since insulin's discovery in 1922.
  • Optimal T1DM care necessitates lifelong daily medication, regular monitoring, and management of acute and chronic complications.
  • Current guidelines emphasize evidence-based practices and comprehensive risk management for T1DM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of evidence-based guidelines for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management.
  • To underscore the need for comprehensive risk management strategies in T1DM care.
  • To advocate for improved awareness regarding the long-term implications of poorly managed diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2014 guidelines for T1DM screening and management.
  • Emphasis on annual nephropathy screening via albumin levels and albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
  • Recommendations for routine blood pressure monitoring for hypertension screening.

Main Results:

  • Annual screening for nephropathy is recommended starting at puberty or age 10, after 5 years of diabetes.
  • Hypertension screening should occur at every routine visit for T1DM patients.
  • Dyslipidemia screening is advised based on family history or early cardiovascular events; initial dilated eye exams are crucial for retinopathy screening.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence-based guidelines are essential for comprehensive T1DM risk management and improving patient outcomes.
  • Routine screenings for nephropathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and retinopathy are critical components of T1DM care.
  • Educational programs for school staff and support for self-management in schools are vital for diabetic children's well-being.