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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Changes on CT scan during acute relapse

G Modi1, H Campbell, P Bill

  • 1Department of Medicine, Wentworth Hospital, Durban, South Africa.

Neuroradiology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed

Insights

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) involves active demyelination during acute relapse, as seen in a 19-year-old patient with measles virus antibodies. Immunotherapy may be beneficial during these acute phases.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, progressive neurological disorder.
  • It is a late complication of measles virus infection.
  • SSPE typically leads to severe neurological deficits and is often fatal.

Observation:

  • A 19-year-old female presented with akinetic mutism, a severe neurological state.
  • Serological tests revealed measles virus antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
  • CT imaging showed white matter enhancement in the frontal lobes and corpus callosum during relapse.

Findings:

  • The observed white matter enhancement indicates active demyelination.
  • The presence of measles virus antibodies confirms a link to measles infection.
  • These findings correlate clinical presentation with pathological changes in SSPE.

Implications:

  • Active demyelination occurs during acute SSPE relapses.
  • Immunotherapy should be considered for treating SSPE during acute phases.
  • This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in SSPE.

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