Present status of human papillomavirus vaccine development and implementation
- 1Prevention and Implementation Group, Section of Early Detection and Prevention, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
- 2Prevention and Implementation Group, Section of Early Detection and Prevention, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
- 3National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA.
- 0Prevention and Implementation Group, Section of Early Detection and Prevention, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination effectively prevents HPV infections and related cancers. Global vaccine introduction and expansion are increasing, demonstrating herd immunity and disease reduction.
Area Of Science
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background
- Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers.
- Current vaccines include bivalent (HPV 16/18), quadrivalent (HPV 6/11/16/18), and nonavalent (HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) formulations.
- Vaccination programs are expanding globally, with price reductions and GAVI Alliance funding facilitating access in lower-income countries.
Purpose Of The Study
- To review the efficacy, safety, and global implementation of HPV vaccines.
- To highlight the impact of HPV vaccination on infection rates and associated diseases.
- To emphasize the need for expanded HPV vaccination programs in high-burden regions.
Main Methods
- Review of clinical trial data on vaccine efficacy and safety.
- Analysis of immunobridging studies for age and sex indications.
- Examination of global vaccine introduction timelines, pricing, and funding initiatives.
Main Results
- Three vaccine doses showed 90-100% protection against HPV 16/18 cervical infections in unvaccinated young women.
- Vaccines demonstrated efficacy in preventing HPV 16/18 infections at various anatomical sites in both sexes.
- Two-dose schedules are recommended for girls aged 9-14 years, eliciting high antibody concentrations.
- Post-licensure data confirm vaccine safety.
- Demonstrated herd immunity and reduction in HPV infections and related diseases in vaccinated populations.
Conclusions
- HPV vaccines are safe and highly effective in preventing HPV infections and associated cancers.
- Global HPV vaccination programs are expanding, with evidence of herd immunity and disease reduction.
- Further efforts are crucial to extend HPV vaccination to regions with the highest disease burden to maximize public health impact.
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