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Evolution of proteasome regulators in eukaryotes.

Philippe Fort1, Andrey V Kajava2, Fredéric Delsuc3

  • 1CNRS, CRBM, UMR5237, Montpellier, France Université de Montpellier, France philippe.fort@crbm.cnrs.fr olivier.coux@crbm.cnrs.fr.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein degradation is vital for all life. This study reveals the proteasome activator 700 (PA700) is ancient, present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, while other proteasome activators evolved dynamically.

Keywords:
PA200PA28PA700PI31evolutionproteasome

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein degradation is essential for cellular function and protein quality control.
  • The 20S proteasome is a core protease, but its activity is modulated by various proteasome activators (PAs).
  • Key PAs include PA700 (forming the 26S proteasome), PA200, PA28, and PI31, each with distinct roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history of four major proteasome activators (PAs) across eukaryotic supergroups.
  • To determine the ancestral state of PA composition in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA).
  • To understand the evolutionary dynamics of PA families.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive survey of PA genes across 17 eukaryotic clades.
  • Phylogenetic analyses of PA subunits.
  • Comparative genomics to infer ancestral presence and loss.

Main Results:

  • All subunits of PA700 (19S complex) are remarkably conserved across all eukaryotes, indicating its presence in LECA.
  • PA200, PA28, and PI31 were also present in LECA but have been subsequently lost in various lineages.
  • Demonstrated a conserved PA700 structure established early in eukaryotic evolution.

Conclusions:

  • The core PA700 structure is ancient and conserved, established by LECA.
  • PA200, PA28, and PI31 exhibit more dynamic evolutionary trajectories, with lineage-specific losses.
  • The differential evolution of PAs reflects their diverse physiological roles and regulatory importance.