Visual space perception at different levels of depth description

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the depth description levels required in experimental tasks on visual space perception. Six observers assessed the locations of 11 posts by determining a distance ranking order, comparing the distances between posts with a reference unit, and estimating the absolute distances between the posts. The experiments were performed in an open outdoor field under normal daylight conditions with posts at distances ranging from 2 to 12 m. To directly assess and compare the observers' perceptual performance in all three phases of the experiment, the raw data were transformed to common measurement levels. A pairwise comparison analysis provided nonmetric information regarding the observers' relative distance judgments, and a multidimensional-scaling procedure provided metric information regarding the relationship between a perceived spatial layout and the layout of the actual scene. The common finding in all of the analyses was that the precision and consistency of the observers' ordinal distance judgments were greater than those of their ratio distance judgments, which were, in turn, greater than the precision and consistency of their absolute-magnitude distance judgments. Our findings raise questions regarding the ecological validity of standard experimental tasks.