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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

2.6K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
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Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

4.0K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

2.1K
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
2.1K
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

2.1K
Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
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Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice

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[Birth hypoxia].

M Větr

    Ceska Gynekologie
    |May 7, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Newborn acidosis is common, affecting 0.7% of infants. Lactate levels above 6.3 mmol/l are a key indicator of birth hypoxia, offering a more objective measure than Apgar scores.

    Keywords:
    Apgar scorelactatelow birth weightmode of delivery.umbilical arterial pH

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    Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
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    Last Updated: Apr 13, 2026

    Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
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    Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
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    The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
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    The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Obstetrics
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Assessing newborn well-being immediately after birth relies on clinical and laboratory parameters.
    • Acidemia, a critical condition, requires accurate identification and threshold determination.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate common laboratory and clinical parameters in newborns post-birth.
    • To determine thresholds for acidemia and their relation to delivery method.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective epidemiological study analyzed data from 23,471 neonates born between 2000 and 2013.
    • Methods included Apgar score calculation and arterial umbilical cord blood pH and lactate analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Severe acidosis (pH < 7.00) was observed in 0.7% of neonates, with an annual prevalence varying from 0.1% to 1.1%.
    • A lactate cutoff of 6.3 mmol/l indicated acidosis (pH < 7.00) with high sensitivity (92.99%) and specificity (92.15%).
    • Forceps delivery significantly increased the risk of severe acidosis compared to cesarean section.

    Conclusions:

    • Post-birth acidosis is prevalent but may not always correlate with clinical presentation.
    • Apgar scores are subjective indicators of hypoxia, influenced by prematurity and delivery mode.
    • Lactate levels provide a more objective assessment of birth hypoxia, with values > 6.3 mmol/l signaling significant risk.