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Bacillus crescens sp. nov., isolated from soil.

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  • 1Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, J.N.T. University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, India.

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Two novel bacterial strains, Bacillus crescens, were discovered in India's Rann of Kutch. These Gram-positive, endospore-forming rods represent a new species within the Bacillus genus.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Taxonomy

Background:

  • Soil ecosystems harbor diverse microbial life with potential for novel species discovery.
  • The Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India, is a unique environment for isolating extremophilic or stress-tolerant microorganisms.
  • The genus Bacillus is known for its diverse metabolic capabilities and ecological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize novel bacterial strains from soil samples collected in the Rann of Kutch.
  • To determine the taxonomic position of the isolated strains using polyphasic characterization, including chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses.
  • To propose a new species within the genus Bacillus based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of bacterial strains from soil samples.
  • Morphological characterization (Gram staining, cell shape, endospore formation).
  • Chemotaxonomic analysis (fatty acid profiling, polar lipid analysis, cell-wall amino acid composition).
  • Genomic analysis (DNA G+C content, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization).

Main Results:

  • Two strains, JC247T and JC248, were isolated and characterized as Gram-positive, endospore-forming rods.
  • Fatty acid profiles, polar lipids, and cell-wall amino acids were determined.
  • Genomic analysis revealed a DNA G+C content of approximately 48.1-48.2 mol%, high DNA-DNA relatedness (>90%) between strains, and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.93% to Bacillus firmus NCIMB 9366T.
  • Phylogenetic analysis placed the strains within the genus Bacillus, family Bacillaceae, phylum Firmicutes.

Conclusions:

  • The isolated strains JC247T and JC248 exhibited distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics differentiating them from known Bacillus species.
  • Based on comprehensive analyses, the strains represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus.
  • The novel species is proposed to be named Bacillus crescens sp. nov., with strain JC247T as the type strain.