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Related Concept Videos

Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

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Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Feedback Inhibition00:46

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Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
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Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
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Mate Choice01:20

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Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications
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BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications

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Editorial: in this issue.

Adrian Bot1

  • 1International Reviews of Immunology, and Kite Pharma, Inc , Santa Monica, CA , USA.

International Reviews of Immunology
|May 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This issue features reviews on therapeutic antibodies and the role of autophagy in autoimmunity. These topics are of broad interest in medical research.

Keywords:
antibodiesautophagyinterleukin-6systemic lupus erythematosustocilizumab

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and cellular biology.

Background:

  • Reviews cover therapeutic or prophylactic antibodies.
  • Explores the function of autophagy in autoimmune diseases.

Discussion:

  • Discusses the mechanisms and applications of antibodies in disease treatment.
  • Examines the link between cellular self-degradation processes and autoimmune conditions.

Key Insights:

  • Antibodies offer potential therapeutic and prophylactic strategies.
  • Autophagy plays a significant role in the development and progression of autoimmunity.

Outlook:

  • Future research directions in antibody-based therapies.
  • Potential of targeting autophagy for autoimmune disease management.