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[Caffeine consumption during pregnancy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a systematic literature

Bianca Del Ponte da Silva, Luciana Anselmi, Vera Schmidt

    Cadernos De Saude Publica
    |May 7, 2015
    PubMed

    Insights

    Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a limited and conflicting research base. Current evidence is insufficient to establish a clear association between prenatal caffeine exposure and ADHD development.

    Area of Science:

    • Perinatal epidemiology
    • Neurodevelopmental disorders
    • Public health

    Background:

    • Prenatal exposures are critical for neurodevelopment.
    • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
    • The impact of maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy on ADHD risk requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review the scientific literature on the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring.
    • To synthesize current evidence and identify research gaps in this field.

    Main Methods:

    • A systematic, multi-stage literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, LILACS, BIREME, PsycINFO).
    • Inclusion criteria focused on human studies published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish.
    • A total of 373 references were screened, with five studies ultimately included in the review.

    Main Results:

    • Only five studies met the inclusion criteria for the review.
    • Most included studies utilized longitudinal designs and were from developed countries, published recently.
    • A positive association between maternal caffeine intake and ADHD was found in only one study, indicating conflicting results.

    Conclusions:

    • Research on maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and childhood ADHD is scarce.
    • Existing studies present conflicting findings and significant methodological limitations, including a lack of standardized outcome measures.
    • Further high-quality research is needed to clarify the relationship between prenatal caffeine exposure and ADHD.

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