Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 12, 2026
09:37
Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
Published on: August 1, 2018
15.6K
Hemodialysis-related portal-systemic encephalopathy
Naohide Kondo1, Yasuhiro Ito, Hiroshi Yamashita
1Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|May 8, 2015
Summary
Hemodialysis-related portal-systemic encephalopathy (HRPSE) is a rare condition causing brain dysfunction without liver issues. This case highlights HRPSE as a treatable neuropsychiatric disorder, emphasizing prompt diagnosis and intervention.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Neurology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Hemodialysis-related portal-systemic encephalopathy (HRPSE) presents as portosystemic encephalopathy without underlying liver dysfunction.
- It is typically associated with alterations in systemic venous flow secondary to hemodialysis procedures.
Observation:
- A 75-year-old woman experienced hepatic encephalopathy five years into her hemodialysis treatment.
- Diagnostic imaging, including contrast-enhanced CT and 3D CT angiography, identified an acquired portosystemic venous shunt.
Findings:
- The patient was diagnosed with portosystemic encephalopathy attributed to hemodialysis.
- Subsequent occlusion therapy effectively resolved the patient's disturbance of consciousness.
Implications:
- HRPSE represents a distinct, treatable cause of neuropsychiatric symptoms in hemodialysis patients.
- Recognition of HRPSE is crucial for timely and effective management, improving patient outcomes.
- This case underscores the importance of considering vascular complications in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Hepatic Portal System
8.2K
The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
8.2K
01:24Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
1.0K
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
1.0K
01:29Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
2.0K
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
2.0K
01:28Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management
811
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
811
01:22Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test
263
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
263
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
1.5K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.5K