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Electrolyte disturbances and acute kidney injury induced by imatinib therapy

Rodrigo Azevedo de Oliveira1, Igor Denizarde Bacelar Marques1, Antonio Carlos Seguro1

  • 1Department of Nephrology , University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil.

NDT Plus
|May 8, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Imatinib mesylate, used for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), can cause renal failure with severe electrolyte imbalances. Increased urinary phosphate and potassium excretion are key factors, necessitating early diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Imatinib mesylate is a targeted therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML).
  • While generally well-tolerated, imatinib can cause adverse effects.
  • Renal complications and electrolyte disturbances are potential side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of imatinib-induced renal failure with severe hypophosphataemia, hypokalaemia, and hypomagnesaemia.
  • To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of imatinib-induced renal injury.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and management of these complications.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a CML patient treated with imatinib.
  • Analysis of renal function and serum/urine electrolytes.
  • Review of literature on imatinib-induced nephrotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed acute renal failure with significant electrolyte abnormalities.
  • Increased urinary excretion of phosphate and potassium was identified as the cause.
  • Imatinib-induced renal injury was confirmed as the underlying pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Imatinib mesylate can precipitate severe renal injury and electrolyte disorders.
  • Increased urinary phosphate and potassium loss are critical pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Prompt recognition and management of these adverse effects are crucial for patient outcomes.
Keywords:
acute kidney injuryhypokalaemiahypophosphataemiaimatinib

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