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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Peritoneal Dialysis III: Nursing Management01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis III: Nursing Management

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Peritoneal dialysis, or PD, utilizes the peritoneal membrane as a filter to eliminate excess fluid and waste products. Effective nursing management is essential for ensuring patient safety, preventing complications, and promoting optimal function of the peritoneal dialysis process.Assessment and MonitoringNurses must thoroughly assess the patient before, during, and after each dialysis session. Regular monitoring includes vital signs, daily weight, fluid intake and output, and laboratory values...
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Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
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Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management01:25

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this...
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Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
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Monographic consultation of onconephrology. Rationale and implementation.

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Oral hydration as a safe prophylactic measure to prevent post-contrast acute kidney injury in oncologic patients with chronic kidney disease (IIIb) referred for contrast-enhanced computed tomography: subanalysis of the oncological group of the NICIR study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing a Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Estimation Method for Anemia Management
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Author Spotlight: Developing a Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Estimation Method for Anemia Management

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Individualizing anaemia therapy.

Angel L M de Francisco1

  • 1Servicio de Nefrologia , Hospital Marques de Valdecilla de Santander , Santander , Spain.

NDT Plus
|May 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Individualized management of renal anaemia using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) is crucial. Achieving stable haemoglobin targets requires careful dose adjustments to minimize risks and improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Renal anaemia management requires advanced individualized strategies.
  • Clinical studies led to a narrowed haemoglobin target (11-12 g/dL) due to risks at higher concentrations.
  • Maintaining stable haemoglobin is challenging due to natural fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advance individualized treatment strategies for renal anaemia.
  • To achieve target haemoglobin levels with minimal erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) dosage.
  • To avoid significant haemoglobin fluctuations and extreme concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical outcomes and guideline recommendations.
  • Analysis of factors influencing haemoglobin concentration variability.
Keywords:
anaemiaerythropoiesis-stimulating agentshaemoglobin

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  • Exploration of dose and dosing frequency adjustments for ESAs.

    • Main Results:

    • Narrower haemoglobin targets (11-12 g/dL) are recommended.
    • Higher haemoglobin targets increase mortality and morbidity risks.
    • Individualized ESA therapy necessitates dynamic dose and frequency adjustments.

    Conclusions:

    • Individualized ESA treatment is key for managing renal anaemia effectively.
    • Minimizing ESA dose and haemoglobin fluctuations improves safety.
    • Adapting ESA regimens over time is essential for optimal patient management.