Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vagina01:26

Vagina

53.6K
The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
53.6K
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

1.7K
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
1.7K
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

49
The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
49
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

91
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
91
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

1.3K
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
1.3K
Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

1.3K
Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Vaginal lactobacillosis.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·1994
Same author

Evolving pathogens in vulvovaginal candidiasis: implications for patient care.

Journal of clinical pharmacology·1992
Same author

Mycotic vulvovaginitis: a broad overview.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·1991
Same author

Vulvar vestibulitis and vestibular papillomatosis. Report of the ISSVD Committee on Vulvodynia.

The Journal of reproductive medicine·1991
Same author

Interferon therapy for condylomatous vulvitis.

Obstetrics and gynecology·1989
Same author

Antifungal therapy in the management of chronic candidiasis.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·1988
Same journal

Diagnostic Accuracy of MiRNA Panels for Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of lower genital tract disease·2026
Same journal

Diagnostic Strategies After Negative Colposcopy in High-Grade Cervical Cytology: A Multicenter Randomized Trial.

Journal of lower genital tract disease·2026
Same journal

Bacterial and Fungal Profiles in Mixed Vaginitis Versus Bacterial Vaginosis.

Journal of lower genital tract disease·2026
Same journal

ASCCP President 's Message.

Journal of lower genital tract disease·2026
Same journal

Human Papillomavirus Test Agreement Between Self-Collected Vaginal and Clinician-Collected Cervical Specimens.

Journal of lower genital tract disease·2026
Same journal

Awards presented as part of the ASCCP 2026 Scientific Meeting on Anogenital & HPV-Related Diseases.

Journal of lower genital tract disease·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
10:19

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Published on: November 16, 2016

15.3K

Streptococcal vaginosis.

B J Horowitz1

  • 1Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, CT.

Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease
|May 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent vulvovaginal symptoms after bacterial vaginosis treatment are often caused by streptococcal overgrowth. Amoxicillin for 10 days effectively restores healthy vaginal flora and resolves symptoms.

More Related Videos

Models of Murine Vaginal Colonization by Anaerobically Grown Bacteria
08:53

Models of Murine Vaginal Colonization by Anaerobically Grown Bacteria

Published on: May 25, 2022

4.8K
Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres
11:09

Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres

Published on: October 23, 2011

16.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
10:19

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Published on: November 16, 2016

15.3K
Models of Murine Vaginal Colonization by Anaerobically Grown Bacteria
08:53

Models of Murine Vaginal Colonization by Anaerobically Grown Bacteria

Published on: May 25, 2022

4.8K
Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres
11:09

Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres

Published on: October 23, 2011

16.8K

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Persistent vulvovaginal symptoms can occur despite appropriate bacterial vaginosis treatment.
  • Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of these persistent symptoms is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causes of persistent vulvovaginal symptoms following bacterial vaginosis therapy.
  • To identify pathogens responsible for recurrent or ongoing symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Study included patients referred for persistent vulvovaginal symptoms post-bacterial vaginosis treatment.
  • Methods included patient history, pelvic examination, microscopy (saline wet-mount, KOH), and aerobic/anaerobic cultures.
  • Therapeutic interventions with various antibiotic regimens were administered and outcomes assessed.

Main Results:

  • Ninety percent of patients lacked lactobacilli and showed coccal forms on wet-mount examination.
  • Streptococci were identified in 92% of cultures, with Group B streptococci being most prevalent (71%).
  • A 10-day course of amoxicillin (500 mg TID) was the most successful treatment, unlike a 7-day regimen.

Conclusions:

  • Streptococcal overgrowth is a significant cause of persistent vulvovaginal symptoms after bacterial vaginosis treatment.
  • A 10-day course of amoxicillin is effective in restoring lactobacillus-dominant flora and achieving symptom resolution in most cases.