Bacteriagenic silver nanoparticles: synthesis, mechanism, and applications

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Microbiology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are recognized for potent antimicrobial properties.
• There is a growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis methods.
• Biological synthesis routes using microorganisms are gaining traction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review bacteria-mediated synthesis of AgNPs.
• To elucidate the mechanisms involved in bacterial AgNP synthesis.
• To explore the applications of bacterially synthesized AgNPs.

Main Methods:

• Focus on bacterial synthesis of AgNPs, including extracellular and intracellular approaches.
• Identification of key biomolecules and genes involved in the synthesis process.
• Analysis of factors influencing nanoparticle characteristics.

Main Results:

• Extracellular synthesis is favored for easier nanoparticle recovery.
• Bacterial biomolecules like nitrate reductase and peptides facilitate AgNP formation.
• Bacterial organic materials act as natural capping and stabilizing agents.
• Reaction conditions can be regulated to control AgNP morphology and yield.

Conclusions:

• Bacteria offer a sustainable route for AgNP synthesis.
• Bacterial AgNPs exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, and significant antimicrobial activities.
• AgNPs show potential in combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms, especially when combined with antibiotics.