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Optimal footfall patterns for cost minimization in running.

Ross H Miller1, Joseph Hamill2

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, 2134A SPH Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|May 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rearfoot striking (RFS) is the most versatile footfall pattern, optimal for numerous running goals. Non-RFS patterns may optimize for factors like comfort, suggesting diverse optimal strategies in runners.

Keywords:
FootfallsGoalOptimal controlRunning

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Running Mechanics
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Footfall patterns in running are typically analyzed for performance and injury risk, focusing on metabolic cost and impact forces.
  • Runners may optimize for various factors beyond just energy expenditure and impact.
  • Optimal control theory provides a framework to explore diverse running objectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict optimal running mechanics using optimal control theory with 44 distinct cost functions.
  • To determine which footfall patterns (e.g., rearfoot striking vs. non-RFS) are optimal for different running objectives.
  • To investigate the versatility of different footfall patterns across various simulated cost functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optimal control theory to model and predict running mechanics.
  • Simulated 44 different cost functions representing various runner objectives.
  • Analyzed the frequency and optimality of different footfall patterns, including rearfoot striking (RFS), under shod and barefoot conditions.

Main Results:

  • Rearfoot striking (RFS) was predicted as optimal by 57% of cost functions when shod and 55% when barefoot, particularly for energy expenditure and peak joint forces.
  • Non-RFS patterns were optimal for minimizing localized muscle fatigue and average joint contact forces.
  • RFS emerged as the most versatile footfall pattern, optimal across the widest range of simulated objectives.

Conclusions:

  • Rearfoot striking (RFS) is the most versatile footfall pattern, potentially explaining its prevalence in recreational runners.
  • Non-RFS footfall patterns may represent optimal strategies for factors not easily quantified, such as comfort.
  • Shifting from RFS to non-RFS may reduce accumulated joint load during running, especially when maintaining speed and step length.