Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion
Published on: September 12, 2019
Physicochemical properties of calcium silicate cements associated with microparticulate and nanoparticulate
Roberta Bosso-Martelo1, Juliane M Guerreiro-Tanomaru1, Raqueli Viapiana1
1Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
Objectives:
The objective of this paper was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of calcium silicate cements with different chemical compositions, associated with radiopacifying agents.
Materials And Methods:
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, calcium silicate cement with additives (CSC), and resinous calcium silicate cement (CSCR) were evaluated, with the addition of the following radiopacifiers: microparticles (micro) or nanoparticles (nano) of zirconium oxide (ZrO(2)), niobium oxide (Nb(2)O(5)), bismuth oxide (Bi(2)O(3)), or calcium tungstate (CaWO(4)). Setting time was evaluated using Gilmore needles. Solubility was determined after immersion in water. The pH and calcium ion release were analyzed after 3, 12, and 24 h and 7, 14, and 21 days. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test, at a level of significance of 5 %.
Results:
CSC + CaWO(4) and CSCR + ZrO(2) micro, Nb(2)O(5) and CaWO(4) presented results similar to MTA, with a shorter final setting time than the other associations. CSC and CSCR+ ZrO(2) micro presented a higher degree of flow. All the cements evaluated presented low solubility. The materials presented alkaline pH and released calcium ions.
Conclusions:
ZrO(2) micro radiopacifier may be considered a potential substitute for Bi(2)O(3) when associated with CSC or CSCR.
Clinical Relevance:
The proposed materials, especially when associated with ZrO(2), are potential materials for use as alternatives to MTA.
Related Concept Videos
Hydration of Cement
Pore Size Distribution
Adequate...
Fineness of Cement
Direct...
Porosity in Cement Paste
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
Soundness of Cement
Pozzolans
Fly ash is...

