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Related Concept Videos

iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Thyroid cell differentiation from murine induced pluripotent stem cells.

Risheng Ma1, Syed A Morshed1, Rauf Latif1

  • 1Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|May 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were successfully differentiated into functional thyroid cells, showing promise for treating thyroid deficiency. This research highlights a new source for regenerative cell therapy.

Keywords:
NKX2-1PAX8TSH receptorinduced pluripotent stem cellsthyroid differentiation

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid deficiency impacts numerous individuals, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells offer a potential source for cell replacement therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate iPS cells into functional thyroid cells.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of iPS cell-derived thyroid cells for thyroid deficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Murine fibroblasts were reprogrammed into iPS cells using a lentiviral vector.
  • iPS cells were differentiated into thyroid cells by transfecting with PAX8 and NKX2-1, followed by Activin A and TSH stimulation.
  • Functional assessment included gene expression, cAMP generation, and radioiodine uptake.

Main Results:

  • Differentiated iPS cells expressed pluripotent markers and showed enhanced thyroid-specific gene expression (NIS, TSHR, Tg, TPO).
  • Cells exhibited functional characteristics, including TSH-stimulated cAMP generation and radioiodine uptake.
  • In vivo studies showed the formation of thyroid organoids expressing Tg protein after transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • iPS cell-derived thyroid cells mimic properties of embryonic stem cell-derived thyroid cells.
  • This approach provides a platform for studying thyroid cell differentiation.
  • iPS cells represent a promising source for future individualized regenerative cell therapy for thyroid disorders.