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Long-Term Burden and Respiratory Effects of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization in Preterm Infants-The SPRING

Xavier Carbonell-Estrany1, Eduardo G Pérez-Yarza2, Laura Sanchez García3

  • 1Neonatology Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Suñer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.

Plos One
|May 9, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) hospitalization in premature infants born between 32-35 weeks

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Health
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Premature infants, particularly those born between 32-35 weeks' gestational age (wGA), are vulnerable to respiratory infections.
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common cause of severe respiratory illness in infants.
  • The long-term respiratory health consequences of RSV infection in this specific premature population require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the health status of premature infants hospitalized for RSV infection with controls up to 6 years of age.
  • To assess the incidence of recurrent wheezing and lung function at 6 years in relation to early-life RSV hospitalization.
  • To evaluate the impact of RSV on quality of life and healthcare utilization.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study comparing premature infants (32-35 wGA) hospitalized for RSV (cases, n=125) with those not hospitalized (controls, n=362) during their first year of life.
  • Primary endpoints included recurrent wheezing (2-6 years) and lung function (at 6 years).
  • Secondary endpoints included quality of life (TAPQOL) and healthcare resource utilization.

Main Results:

  • Infants hospitalized for RSV showed significantly higher rates of recurrent wheezing through age 6 (46.7% vs. 27.4%, p=0.001).
  • Lung function at 6 years was largely normal, but wheezing was increased in those with borderline lung function, especially in the RSV group (72.7% vs. 18.9%, p=0.002).
  • RSV hospitalization was the most significant factor for wheezing; cases had lower respiratory quality of life and higher healthcare use.

Conclusions:

  • RSV disease in premature infants born at 32-35 wGA is associated with increased wheezing up to 6 years of age.
  • While lung function may appear normal, RSV hospitalization is a key predictor of persistent respiratory symptoms.
  • Early RSV infection impacts long-term respiratory health, quality of life, and healthcare resource utilization in this vulnerable population.

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