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Related Concept Videos

Role of Septins01:02

Role of Septins

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Septins are the recently discovered fourth major protein component of the cytoskeleton, along with microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These proteins can associate with other cytoskeletal filaments and carry out varied roles or can be free-floating in the cytoplasm.
Cellular Functions of Septins
Recent studies have revealed the multifaceted roles of septins in various cellular processes such as cytokinesis, ciliogenesis, and neurogenesis. Septins act as scaffolds and...
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Septins01:19

Septins

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Septins are protein filaments forming the cytoskeleton along with the microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and other accessory proteins. In 1971 while studying the cell division cycle in mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Harwell et al. first identified the septin-related genes playing a crucial role in yeast cytokinesis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that these proteins localize at the budding neck as rings. These ring-like proteins were then named Septins by John Pringle, and...
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Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

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Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of...
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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Purification and Quality Control of Recombinant Septin Complexes for Cell-Free Reconstitution
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Purification and Quality Control of Recombinant Septin Complexes for Cell-Free Reconstitution

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Septin Form and Function at the Cell Cortex.

Andrew A Bridges1, Amy S Gladfelter2

  • 1From the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|May 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Septins, essential proteins forming cellular structures, are crucial for cell division and polarity. Their interaction with the plasma membrane is vital for cell function and disease, though poorly understood.

Keywords:
cell divisioncell polaritycytokinesiscytoskeletondiffusion barriermembrane organizationscaffold proteinseptins

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Reconstitution of Septin Assembly at Membranes to Study Biophysical Properties and Functions
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Septins are GTP-binding proteins forming filaments and higher-order structures.
  • They associate with cytoskeletal networks, coordinating cell division, polarity, and membrane remodeling.
  • Misregulated septins are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how plasma membrane features influence septin recruitment.
  • To explore how septins affect plasma membrane properties.
  • To understand the interplay between septins and the plasma membrane.

Main Methods:

  • The study discusses existing literature and research findings.
  • It analyzes the localization of septins at specific cellular sites.
  • It reviews the potential impact of membrane curvature and lipid composition on septin function.

Main Results:

  • Septin assembly sites often exhibit membrane curvature and distinct lipid pools.
  • Septins can scaffold proteins and cytoskeletal networks, influencing membrane properties.
  • They form diffusional barriers, restricting protein lateral diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the septin-plasma membrane interplay is critical for basic biology and disease.
  • Septins may sense and induce changes in membrane shape and lipid composition.
  • Further research may uncover novel functions of septins in cellular processes and disease.