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An Efficient Single—Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice

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Multiplatform characterization of dynamic changes in breast milk during lactation.

Nicholas J Andreas¹, Matthew J Hyde¹, Maria Gomez-Romero²

¹Section of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Electrophoresis

|May 12, 2015

Summary

Human breast milk (BM) metabolic profiling reveals 710 metabolites, offering insights into infant health. Dynamic changes in BM composition during early lactation are linked to infant development.

Keywords:

Breast milk MS Metabolomics Metabonomics NMR

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Area of Science:

Metabolomics
Human Breast Milk Analysis
Infant Health

Background:

Metabolic profiling of human breast milk (BM) is emerging to understand milk composition.
BM composition is linked to maternal factors and infant health outcomes.
A comprehensive understanding of the BM metabolome is crucial for infant well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively characterize the metabolic profiles of human breast milk.
To evaluate the utility and reproducibility of multiple analytical platforms.
To identify dynamic changes in BM composition during the first three months of lactation.

Main Methods:

A multiplatform approach combining HPLC-MS, ultra-performance LC-MS, GC-MS, CE-MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Analysis of seventy human breast milk samples.
Characterization of 710 metabolites across various molecular classes.

Main Results:

HPLC-MS identified the most metabolites; CE-MS uniquely profiled amino acids; NMR showed highest reproducibility; GC-MS targeted volatile compounds and short-chain fatty acids.
Dynamic changes in metabolites like fucose, di-/triacylglycerols, and short-chain fatty acids were observed over 3 months of lactation.
Identified metabolites are crucial for infant immunological, neurological, and gastrointestinal development and energy supply.

Conclusions:

This extensive metabolic coverage provides a baseline for studying maternal, environmental, and dietary impacts on BM composition.
Understanding BM metabolome dynamics is key to assessing downstream health consequences for infants.
Metabolic profiling of human breast milk offers valuable insights into infant nutrition and development.