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A community-based gastroenteritis outbreak after Typhoon Haiyan, Leyte, Philippines, 2013
Ray Justin Ventura1, Edzel Muhi2, Vikki Carr de los Reyes1
1Department of Health, Sta Cruz, Manila, Philippines .
Summary
An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Kananga, Leyte, was caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Contaminated drinking water, linked to breaks in the municipal water system, was identified as the primary transmission source.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- An increase in acute gastroenteritis cases was observed in Kananga, Leyte, three weeks post-Typhoon Haiyan.
- This occurred after residents returned to an area with potential infrastructure damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the source and risk factors of the acute gastroenteritis outbreak.
- To identify the causative agent and transmission pathways.
Main Methods:
- Defined cases based on acute diarrhea and associated symptoms.
- Conducted active case finding and a case-control study.
- Performed bacteriological examination of rectal swabs and water samples.
Main Results:
- Identified 105 cases of acute gastroenteritis.
- Consumption of untreated drinking water was strongly associated with illness (aOR: 18.2).
- Aeromonas hydrophila was detected in both patient samples and municipal water; pipe breaks were found in the water system.
Conclusions:
- The outbreak was likely caused by Aeromonas hydrophila transmitted via contaminated municipal water.
- Highlights the risk of outbreaks in non-evacuation areas post-disaster.
- Recommends water safety measures (boiling/chlorination) for all disaster-affected regions.
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