Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

858
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
858
Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation01:22

Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation

1.3K
Glutathione, a tripeptide made up of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, is a critical player in the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics via a process known as glutathione conjugation or mercapturic acid formation. This phase II biotransformation reaction involves the covalent binding of glutathione to a drug or its metabolite, enhancing the compound's water solubility and enabling its excretion.
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
1.3K
Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

1.7K
Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
1.7K
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

28.4K
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
28.4K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

1.3K
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
1.3K
Glial Cells01:04

Glial Cells

96.9K
Overview
96.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Loss of Glutaminase 1 in Small Sensory Neurons Prevents Nerve Injury Induced Mechanical Allodynia: Insights From Conditional Knockout Mice.

European journal of pain (London, England)·2025
Same author

Glutaminase-2 Expression Induces Metabolic Changes and Regulates Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity in Glioblastoma Cells.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

GLS and GLS2 Glutaminase Isoenzymes in the Antioxidant System of Cancer Cells.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

ERK5 Interacts with Mitochondrial Glutaminase and Regulates Its Expression.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

A close-up view of the Hunter syndrome.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2024
Same author

Molecular surveillance of microbial agents from cattle-attached and questing ticks from livestock agroecosystems of Antioquia, Colombia.

Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Glutamine Flux Imaging Using Genetically Encoded Sensors
10:23

Glutamine Flux Imaging Using Genetically Encoded Sensors

Published on: July 31, 2014

10.1K

Brain glutaminases.

Javier Márquez, Mercedes Martín-Rufián, Juan A Segura

    Biomolecular Concepts
    |May 12, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Glutaminase, a key brain enzyme, produces glutamate and ammonia essential for neurotransmission and metabolism. Its regulation is vital, as dysregulation links to brain disorders, making it a therapeutic target.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biochemistry
    • Enzymology

    Background:

    • Glutaminase is the primary enzyme responsible for glutamate production in the brain.
    • Glutamate and ammonia, products of glutaminase, are crucial for neurotransmission (glutamatergic and GABAergic), energy metabolism, and biosynthesis of essential molecules like GABA, proteins, and glutathione.
    • Careful regulation of glutaminase activity is essential in the mammalian brain due to the hazardous nature of glutamate and ammonia at elevated levels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent findings on the multifaceted roles of brain glutaminase.
    • To highlight the differential distribution and regulation of glutaminase and its impact on glutamate-glutamine metabolism.
    • To discuss the involvement of glutaminase in pathological states and its potential as a therapeutic target.

    More Related Videos

    LERLIC-MS/MS for In-depth Characterization and Quantification of Glutamine and Asparagine Deamidation in Shotgun Proteomics
    08:01

    LERLIC-MS/MS for In-depth Characterization and Quantification of Glutamine and Asparagine Deamidation in Shotgun Proteomics

    Published on: April 9, 2017

    8.7K
    Using Enzyme-based Biosensors to Measure Tonic and Phasic Glutamate in Alzheimer's Mouse Models
    10:46

    Using Enzyme-based Biosensors to Measure Tonic and Phasic Glutamate in Alzheimer's Mouse Models

    Published on: May 3, 2017

    11.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

    Glutamine Flux Imaging Using Genetically Encoded Sensors
    10:23

    Glutamine Flux Imaging Using Genetically Encoded Sensors

    Published on: July 31, 2014

    10.1K
    LERLIC-MS/MS for In-depth Characterization and Quantification of Glutamine and Asparagine Deamidation in Shotgun Proteomics
    08:01

    LERLIC-MS/MS for In-depth Characterization and Quantification of Glutamine and Asparagine Deamidation in Shotgun Proteomics

    Published on: April 9, 2017

    8.7K
    Using Enzyme-based Biosensors to Measure Tonic and Phasic Glutamate in Alzheimer's Mouse Models
    10:46

    Using Enzyme-based Biosensors to Measure Tonic and Phasic Glutamate in Alzheimer's Mouse Models

    Published on: May 3, 2017

    11.9K

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recent scientific findings on glutaminase.
    • Analysis of studies detailing glutaminase isoenzymes, interacting partners, and subcellular localization.
    • Examination of research linking glutaminase to brain function and disease.

    Main Results:

    • Glutaminase exhibits diverse functions beyond simple glutamate production.
    • Novel isoenzymes, protein interactions, and subcellular localizations reveal new roles for brain glutaminase.
    • Evidence suggests glutaminase plays a significant role in various pathological conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Glutaminase is a multifaceted protein with critical roles in brain function.
    • Understanding glutaminase's complex functions and regulation is key to modulating brain metabolism.
    • Glutaminase represents a promising therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disorders.