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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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RNA Stability01:53

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
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It's a loop world - single strands in RNA as structural and functional elements.

Christian Schudoma

    Biomolecular Concepts
    |May 12, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    RNA loops are crucial for 3D structure, flexibility, and function, enabling interactions with other molecules. Bioinformatics aids in understanding RNA loop structure-function relationships.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Structural Biology
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • Unpaired regions in RNA, known as loops, are essential for determining RNA's three-dimensional (3D) architecture.
    • Loops provide structural flexibility and enable complex tertiary interactions, preventing RNA from being solely composed of rigid helical structures.
    • These loops are critical for stabilizing the overall RNA fold through sequence-non-local contacts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the central role of RNA loops in RNA structure, function, and engineering.
    • To emphasize the importance of loops in mediating interactions with other molecules, including RNAs, proteins, and small molecules.
    • To underscore the contribution of bioinformatics approaches to understanding RNA loop structure-function relationships.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of RNA tertiary structural interactions.
    • Identification of sequence-non-local contacts within RNA molecules.
    • Application of bioinformatics tools for RNA structure prediction and analysis.

    Main Results:

    • RNA loops adopt diverse, specific conformations stabilized by tertiary interactions.
    • Loops are critical for RNA function, mediating interactions in processes like microRNA processing, ribozyme activity, and riboswitch function.
    • Bioinformatics approaches have successfully identified novel RNA structural motifs and improved understanding of RNA loop sequence-structure-function relationships.

    Conclusions:

    • RNA loops are fundamental determinants of RNA structure, stability, and function.
    • Understanding RNA loop dynamics and interactions is key for RNA engineering and design.
    • Bioinformatics is a powerful tool for elucidating the complex roles of RNA loops in biological systems.