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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Spermatogenesis01:22

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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
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Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus01:15

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Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the...
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Testes: Histology01:27

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A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...
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During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
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The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Isolation of Sertoli Cells and Peritubular Cells from Rat Testes
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Origin and function of embryonic Sertoli cells.

Francisco Barrionuevo, Miguel Burgos, Rafael Jiménez

    Biomolecular Concepts
    |May 12, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sertoli cells (SCs) are crucial for sperm production and testis development. This review details the molecular signals guiding SC differentiation and their role in early testis formation.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Biology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Sertoli cells (SCs) are essential somatic cells in the adult testis, supporting germ cell (GC) development and forming the blood-testis barrier.
    • SCs play a critical role in embryonic testis development, initiating differentiation and regulating key developmental processes.
    • The Y-linked SRY gene triggers a cascade leading to SC differentiation and subsequent testis formation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the molecular interactions that commit precursor cells to the Sertoli cell lineage.
    • To summarize the Sertoli-specific signaling pathways involved in early testis differentiation.
    • To provide an overview of the current understanding of molecular mechanisms in testis development.

    Main Methods:

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  • Literature review of scientific publications on Sertoli cell biology and testis development.
  • Analysis of genetic and signaling pathways involved in gonadal differentiation.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on molecular interactions governing Sertoli cell fate.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of key transcription factors and signaling molecules regulating SC differentiation.
    • Elucidation of SC's role in preventing GC meiosis and directing Leydig and myoid cell differentiation.
    • Understanding of SC involvement in Müllerian duct regression.

    Conclusions:

    • Sertoli cell differentiation is a tightly regulated process initiated by SRY.
    • Specific molecular pathways govern SC function in both embryonic and adult testes.
    • Further research into these pathways can offer insights into reproductive health and disorders.