Solar-Energy-Driven Photoelectrochemical Biosensing Using TiO2 Nanowires

Photoelectrochemical sensing represents a unique means for chemical and biological detection, with foci of optimizing semiconductor composition and electronic structures, surface functionalization layers, and chemical detection methods. Here, we have briefly discussed our recent developments of TiO2 nanowire-based photoelectrochemical sensing, with particular emphasis on three main detection mechanisms and corresponding examples. We have also demonstrated the use of the photoelectrochemical sensing of real-time molecular reaction kinetic measurements, as well as direct interfacing of living cells and probing of cellular functions.