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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Radiation-associated Cardiac Injury.

Robert Eldabaje1, Duong L Le1, Wendy Huang2

  • 1St. Mary's Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chest radiotherapy can cause progressive cardiac injury. While techniques to reduce radiation exposure have improved, optimal cardiac screening protocols after treatment remain challenging to establish.

Keywords:
Chest radiotherapycardiac injuryradiationreview

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiology
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Chest radiotherapy is crucial for treating various cancers, including breast cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • Radiation-induced cardiac injury affects all heart structures and is typically progressive.
  • Advances in understanding multifactorial causes have led to techniques reducing cardiac radiation exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of radiation-associated cardiac injury.
  • To discuss advancements in techniques for minimizing cardiac radiation exposure.
  • To highlight the need for and challenges in establishing cardiac screening protocols post-radiotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on radiation-induced cardiac injury.
  • Analysis of evolving radiotherapy techniques.
  • Discussion of monitoring and screening strategies.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac injury from chest radiotherapy is a known, progressive complication.
  • Improved radiotherapy techniques aim to decrease cardiac exposure and risks.
  • Cardiac monitoring post-radiotherapy is indicated, but specific screening guidelines are not yet established.

Conclusions:

  • Chest radiotherapy necessitates awareness of potential cardiac side effects.
  • Ongoing research focuses on mitigating radiation's impact on the heart.
  • Further investigation is required to define optimal cardiac screening protocols for patients treated with chest radiotherapy.