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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

802
Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
802
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

2.2K
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
2.2K
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
1.2K
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

2.2K
Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
2.2K
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

1.6K
Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh
10:52

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Published on: September 11, 2021

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Paraesophageal hernia.

Dmitry Oleynikov1, Jennifer M Jolley2

  • 1Center for Advanced Surgical Technology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986245 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6245, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|May 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernias (PEHs) offers faster recovery and fewer complications than open surgery. Current evidence suggests it should be the standard of care, even with potential recurrence concerns.

Keywords:
HerniaHiatalLaparoscopicNissen fundoplicationParaesophageal

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Paraesophageal hernias (PEHs) present treatment challenges, often in elderly patients with comorbidities.
  • Preoperative evaluation is critical for safe and effective surgical repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the advantages of laparoscopic PEH repair compared to open repair.
  • To assess the role of surgical adjuncts in optimizing laparoscopic PEH repair outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of laparoscopic versus open PEH repair outcomes.
  • Review of modifications including fundoplication and absorbable mesh reinforcement.

Main Results:

  • Laparoscopic PEH repair demonstrates reduced hospital stay, faster recovery, and fewer complications.
  • While recurrence rates may be higher with laparoscopy, their clinical significance remains undetermined.

Conclusions:

  • Laparoscopic PEH repair, especially with an antireflux procedure and mesh reinforcement, should be considered the current standard of care.
  • Further prospective, randomized studies are needed to validate the benefits of surgical adjuncts.