First approach to characterize tilts through multiple pistons in the classical Ronchi test

In this work, it is shown how a tilt can be introduced into a segmented surface through several piston terms, by using the classical Ronchi test. We have developed tilt error simulations by adding multiple constant terms to each point on the sagitta surface of a segment using ray tracing. Thereby a comparison between simulated Ronchigrams for piston and tilt has been performed for two adjacent segments, so that it is possible to appreciate the tilt and piston effects on the shape of the patterns. As a result, we show the behavior of the central maximum of the fringes in the presence of tilt and/or piston. Additionally we present evidence of introducing tilting without changing the surface shape by adding multiple pistons, and a description of how to characterize both piston and tilt using the Ronchi test.