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Related Concept Videos

Electromagnetic Fields01:30

Electromagnetic Fields

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Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
However, the observation of...
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Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation01:10

Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation

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Electromagnetic (EM) radiation consists of electric and magnetic field components oscillating in planes perpendicular to each other and mutually perpendicular to radiation propagation through space. EM radiation can be classified as a wave, characterized by the properties of waves such as wavelength (denoted as λ) and frequency (represented by ν).
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Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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Electromagnetic Waves01:30

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James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
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Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
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Related Experiment Video

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Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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One-way regular electromagnetic mode immune to backscattering.

Xiaohua Deng, Lujun Hong, Xiaodong Zheng

    Applied Optics
    |May 14, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study models robust one-way electromagnetic modes using yttrium-iron-garnet. The system supports backscattering-immune surface magnetoplasmons and regular modes, forming a complete dispersion band.

    Area of Science:

    • Electromagnetism
    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • One-way electromagnetic modes are crucial for advanced microwave devices.
    • Gyromagnetic materials offer unique properties for controlling wave propagation.
    • Confined electromagnetic structures are key to developing novel functionalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To model robust one-way electromagnetic modes at microwave frequencies.
    • To investigate the properties of a system comprising gyromagnetic yttrium-iron-garnet, dielectric cladding, and a metal plate.
    • To analyze the dispersion characteristics and backscattering immunity of supported modes.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a basic theoretical model for electromagnetic mode propagation.
    • Analysis of a semi-infinite gyromagnetic structure (yttrium-iron-garnet) with dielectric cladding and a metal termination.

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  • Investigation of mode support, guiding mechanisms, and dispersion properties.

    • Main Results:

    • The system supports both one-way surface magnetoplasmons (SMPs) and a one-way regular mode.
    • The regular mode is guided by total internal reflection.
    • Both one-way modes exhibit immunity to backscattering.
    • The two types of modes collectively form a complete dispersion band for the system.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed model demonstrates a system capable of supporting robust one-way electromagnetic modes.
    • The combination of SMPs and regular modes offers enhanced control over wave propagation, preventing backscattering.
    • This system provides a foundation for designing advanced microwave components with improved performance and reliability.