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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

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Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

On the Preparation and Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts Using the Thin Film Rotating Disk Electrode Method
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High-activity PtRuPd/C catalyst for direct dimethyl ether fuel cells.

Qing Li1, Xiaodong Wen2,3,4, Gang Wu1,5

  • 1Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA).

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new ternary platinum-ruthenium-palladium (PtRuPd) catalyst significantly enhances dimethyl ether (DME) electrooxidation for fuel cells. This advanced catalyst shows double the activity of current catalysts, overcoming a key hurdle for direct DME fuel cell commercialization.

Keywords:
dimethyl etherelectrochemical oxidationfuel cellsheterogeneous catalysisnanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Dimethyl ether (DME) is a promising fuel for direct-feed fuel cells.
  • Commercialization of direct DME fuel cells is hindered by the lack of efficient DME oxidation electrocatalysts.
  • Binary platinum-ruthenium (PtRu) catalysts exhibit limited activity for DME oxidation compared to methanol.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel ternary carbon-supported PtRuPd catalyst for enhanced DME electrooxidation.
  • To investigate the catalytic performance of the PtRuPd catalyst using electrochemical measurements and fuel cell testing.
  • To understand the role of palladium (Pd) in improving DME oxidation kinetics via density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to guide catalyst design.
  • A ternary carbon-supported PtRuPd catalyst was synthesized.
  • Electrochemical measurements in aqueous electrolyte and polymer-electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) testing were conducted.

Main Results:

  • DFT calculations revealed that Pd addition significantly lowers the activation energy for C-O and C-H bond scission in DME oxidation.
  • The synthesized ternary PtRuPd catalyst demonstrated substantially higher activity for DME electrooxidation compared to binary catalysts.
  • Fuel cell tests showed a two-fold activity enhancement for the PtRuPd catalyst at 0.5 V compared to the state-of-the-art Pt50Ru50/C catalyst.

Conclusions:

  • The ternary PtRuPd catalyst represents a significant advancement in electrocatalyst development for direct DME fuel cells.
  • The incorporation of palladium effectively enhances the catalytic activity for DME electrooxidation.
  • This research paves the way for the commercialization of efficient and high-performance direct DME fuel cells.