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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse

Published on: December 26, 2019

Imaging the immunological synapse between dendritic cells and T cells.

Kate A Markey¹, Kate H Gartlan², Rachel D Kuns²

¹QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Journal of Immunological Methods

|May 14, 2015

Summary

A new imaging flow cytometry method quantifies immunological synapse formation between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. This high-throughput technique measures actin and LFA-1 rearrangement, advancing immune response research.

Keywords:

Amnis ImageStream Imaging flow cytometry LFA-1 Phalloidin Transgenic T cell dendritic cell

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Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse

Published on: December 26, 2019

An Endothelial Planar Cell Model for Imaging Immunological Synapse Dynamics

An Endothelial Planar Cell Model for Imaging Immunological Synapse Dynamics

Published on: December 24, 2015

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Immune Synapse in the Human System Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Immune Synapse in the Human System Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Biophysics

Background:

Immunological synapse formation is crucial for T cell activation and immune responses.
Key events include cytoskeletal rearrangement (actin polymerization) and adhesion molecule recruitment (LFA-1, ICAM-1).
Previous methods for studying these interactions were qualitative and lacked high-throughput capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a quantitative, high-throughput method for assessing immunological synapse formation.
To enable robust analysis of dendritic cell (DC) and T cell interactions.
To facilitate the study of LFA-1 and f-actin dynamics at the DC-T cell interface.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel application of imaging flow cytometry.
Used purified ex vivo dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells.
Quantified LFA-1 and f-actin rearrangement at the DC/T cell interface.

Main Results:

Established a quantitative, high-throughput assay for immunological synapse formation.
Enabled measurement of LFA-1 and f-actin dynamics in live, ex vivo DC-T cell pairs.
Overcame limitations of qualitative microscopy for assessing synapse formation.

Conclusions:

Imaging flow cytometry offers a significant advancement for immunological synapse research.
The new method allows for quantitative, high-throughput analysis of DC-T cell interactions.
This technique will facilitate a deeper understanding of dendritic cell function and immune responses.