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Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Localizing Protein in 3D Neural Stem Cell Culture: a Hybrid Visualization Methodology
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Local homeoprotein diffusion can stabilize boundaries generated by graded positional cues.

Cristóbal Quiñinao1, Alain Prochiantz2, Jonathan Touboul3

  • 1Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM 1050, Labex MemoLife, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75231, France Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, CNRS UMR 7598, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|May 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Boundary formation in developing neuroepithelium is stabilized by including homeoprotein diffusion in models. This enhances understanding of developmental robustness and evolutionary changes in the nervous system.

Keywords:
Boundary formationHomeoprotein diffusionMorphogenesisStability

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Systems biology
  • Computational neuroscience

Background:

  • Boundary formation in neuroepithelium is crucial for nervous system development.
  • Existing models (Wolpert's French Flag, Turing's reaction-diffusion) explain boundary formation through morphogen gradients and reaction-diffusion mechanisms, respectively.
  • Homeoproteins are key cell-autonomous transcription factors involved in developmental patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of intercellular homeoprotein diffusion in stabilizing developmental boundaries.
  • To combine Wolpert's French Flag model with Turing's reaction-diffusion model.
  • To compare boundary stability with and without the inclusion of local homeoprotein diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling combining French Flag and Turing models.
  • Analysis of boundary stability under different parameter conditions.
  • Simulations exploring the impact of intercellular homeoprotein diffusion.

Main Results:

  • The combined Turing/Wolpert model demonstrates that incorporating local homeoprotein diffusion significantly stabilizes boundary positioning.
  • Boundary stability is maintained even with substantial modifications to other model parameters.
  • This stabilization effect is a key finding, highlighting the importance of intercellular diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • Intercellular diffusion of homeoproteins plays a critical role in ensuring developmental robustness.
  • The novel Turing/Wolpert model provides a more accurate framework for understanding boundary formation.
  • This mechanism has implications for both normal development and evolutionary changes in nervous system patterning.