Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classification of Signals01:30

Classification of Signals

1.6K
In signal processing, signals are classified based on various characteristics: continuous-time versus discrete-time, periodic versus aperiodic, analog versus digital, and causal versus noncausal. Each category highlights distinct properties crucial for understanding and manipulating signals.
A continuous-time signal holds a value at every instant in time, representing information seamlessly. In contrast, a discrete-time signal holds values only at specific moments, often denoted as x(n), where...
1.6K
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

2.3K
Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
2.3K
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

1.7K
Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
1.7K
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

2.1K
Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
2.1K
Classification of Systems-II01:31

Classification of Systems-II

577
Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,
577
Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

692
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
692

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of COVID-19 Booster Vaccination on Serum Redox Homeostasis.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Catalase Specifically Binds Antipsychotic Clozapine: Experimental and In Silico Insights into Interactions, Complex Stability, and Dose-Dependent Enzyme Activity Modulation.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Novel Pyridine-Based Thiazolyl-Hydrazone as a Promising Attenuator of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Pathogenicity by Targeting Quorum Sensing.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Plectranthus-derived Abietanes as Protein Kinase C-δ Activators: In Silico Design, Human Serum Albumin Interaction, and Stability Evaluation.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2025
Same author

Subwavelength 3D terahertz imaging with a single-pixel laser transceiver.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Perfluoroalkyl acids interact with major human blood protein fibrinogen: Experimental and computation study.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Excitation-Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging Microscopy to Efficiently Discriminate Fluorescence Signals
07:34

Excitation-Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging Microscopy to Efficiently Discriminate Fluorescence Signals

Published on: August 22, 2019

8.5K

Multiple signal classification for self-mixing flowmetry.

Milan Nikolić, Yah Leng Lim, Karl Bertling

    Applied Optics
    |May 14, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm accurately measures fluid velocity using self-mixing flow sensors. MUSIC offers superior signal-to-noise ratio and linearity compared to the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method.

    More Related Videos

    Measurement of 3-Dimensional cAMP Distributions in Living Cells using 4-Dimensional x, y, z, and &lambda; Hyperspectral FRET Imaging and Analysis
    08:22

    Measurement of 3-Dimensional cAMP Distributions in Living Cells using 4-Dimensional x, y, z, and λ Hyperspectral FRET Imaging and Analysis

    Published on: October 27, 2020

    4.4K
    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
    10:42

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

    Published on: March 22, 2019

    6.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

    Excitation-Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging Microscopy to Efficiently Discriminate Fluorescence Signals
    07:34

    Excitation-Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging Microscopy to Efficiently Discriminate Fluorescence Signals

    Published on: August 22, 2019

    8.5K
    Measurement of 3-Dimensional cAMP Distributions in Living Cells using 4-Dimensional x, y, z, and &lambda; Hyperspectral FRET Imaging and Analysis
    08:22

    Measurement of 3-Dimensional cAMP Distributions in Living Cells using 4-Dimensional x, y, z, and λ Hyperspectral FRET Imaging and Analysis

    Published on: October 27, 2020

    4.4K
    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
    10:42

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

    Published on: March 22, 2019

    6.7K

    Area of Science:

    • Fluid dynamics
    • Signal processing
    • Sensor technology

    Background:

    • Self-mixing flow sensors are crucial for fluid velocity measurement.
    • The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is a common but limited method for analyzing sensor signals.
    • Improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and linearity is essential for accurate flow measurements, especially in low-scatterer environments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm for fluid velocity extraction from self-mixing flow sensor signals.
    • To compare the performance of MUSIC against the traditional fast Fourier transform (FFT) method.
    • To assess the suitability of MUSIC for flow measurement systems with varying scatterer concentrations and velocities.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm to self-mixing flow sensor data.
    • Comparative analysis of MUSIC and fast Fourier transform (FFT) performance across a range of scatterer concentrations (three decades) and fluid velocities (0.5–50 mm/s).
    • Evaluation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), linearity, and operational parameter range for both algorithms.

    Main Results:

    • MUSIC accurately extracts fluid velocity with a significantly better SNR than FFT.
    • MUSIC demonstrates superior linearity and a wider operational parameter range compared to FFT.
    • MUSIC maintains excellent linearity and SNR even at low scatterer concentrations, where FFT performance degrades significantly.

    Conclusions:

    • The multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is a highly effective method for fluid velocity measurement using self-mixing flow sensors.
    • MUSIC offers significant advantages over FFT, particularly in terms of SNR and linearity, especially in challenging conditions like low scatterer density.
    • MUSIC is a promising technique for advanced flow measurement applications, including microfluidics, nanofluidics, and capillary blood flow analysis.