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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

726
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
726
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
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Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

Published on: December 18, 2016

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[Research on humans suffering from dementia].

H Helmchen1

  • 1Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Deutschland, hanfried.helmchen@charite.de.

Der Nervenarzt
|May 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Dementia research is crucial due to rising cases and lack of treatments. This study addresses challenges in obtaining informed consent from individuals with dementia and evaluating research risks and benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Bioethics
  • Clinical Research

Context:

  • Increasing prevalence of dementia necessitates research advancements.
  • Dementia impairs decision-making capacity, complicating informed consent.
  • Current methods for assessing consent capacity in dementia are insufficient.

Purpose:

  • To explore methods for obtaining valid informed consent in dementia research.
  • To examine surrogate consent procedures for individuals unable to consent.
  • To address the underdeveloped benefit-risk evaluation in dementia research.

Summary:

  • The study discusses the challenges in securing informed consent for dementia research participants.
  • It proposes solutions for consent, including surrogate consent, and evaluates benefit-risk assessments.

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  • Two case studies, a diagnostic and a therapeutic intervention, are used to illustrate these points.

    • Impact:

    • Aims to improve ethical research practices in dementia studies.
    • Facilitates greater participation of individuals with dementia in vital research.
    • Contributes to the development of guidelines for dementia research ethics and consent.