Modeling focusing Gaussian beams in a turbid medium with Monte Carlo simulations

Monte Carlo techniques are the gold standard for studying light propagation in turbid media. Traditional Monte Carlo techniques are unable to include wave effects, such as diffraction; thus, these methods are unsuitable for exploring focusing geometries where a significant ballistic component remains at the focal plane. Here, a method is presented for accurately simulating photon propagation at the focal plane, in the context of a traditional Monte Carlo simulation. This is accomplished by propagating ballistic photons along trajectories predicted by Gaussian optics until they undergo an initial scattering event, after which, they are propagated through the medium by a traditional Monte Carlo technique. Solving a known problem by building upon an existing Monte Carlo implementation allows this method to be easily implemented in a wide variety of existing Monte Carlo simulations, greatly improving the accuracy of those models for studying dynamics in a focusing geometry.