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Small divergence substrate emitting quantum cascade laser by subwavelength metallic grating.

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    Subwavelength metallic gratings enhance mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers by coupling light into surface plasmons. This improves far-field divergence, achieving an 8.5x reduction compared to conventional devices.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Quantum Electronics

    Background:

    • Metallic periodic structures at the subwavelength scale are crucial for manipulating light-matter interactions via surface plasmons (SPs).
    • Controlling near-field optics is essential for advancing photonic devices, including lasers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the far-field improvement of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) using subwavelength metallic gratings (SMGs).
    • To tailor the interaction between SPs and single-mode transverse magnetic light for enhanced laser performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of SMGs on the substrate side of substrate-emitting QCLs.
    • Design of SMGs to optimize SP coupling and light interaction.
    • Experimental validation and comparison with simulated models.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a significantly improved far-field full width at half maximum (FWHM) divergence angle of 3.9° perpendicular to the laser waveguide layers.
    • Demonstrated an 8.5-fold improvement in far-field performance compared to traditional surface-emitting devices.
    • Experimental results showed strong agreement with the developed simulation model.

    Conclusions:

    • SMGs effectively enhance the far-field properties of mid-infrared QCLs by manipulating surface plasmon interactions.
    • The developed grating design offers a promising approach for improving beam quality in QCLs for various applications.