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Related Concept Videos

Wave Parameters01:10

Wave Parameters

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The simplest mechanical waves are associated with simple harmonic motion and repeat themselves for several cycles. These simple harmonic waves can be modeled using a combination of sine and cosine functions. Consider a simplified surface water wave that moves across the water's surface. Unlike complex ocean waves, in surface water waves, water moves vertically, oscillating up and down, whereas the disturbance of the wave moves horizontally through the medium. If a seagull is floating on the...
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Propagation of Waves01:07

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
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Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

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Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
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Clipper Circuit01:18

Clipper Circuit

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A clipper circuit is a fundamental wave-shaping device that harnesses the unique properties of diodes to alter and control waveform characteristics. This technology is widely used in electronic devices, especially in television and radar communication systems, where it enhances waveform modulation in both transmitters and receivers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
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Feedback-based wavefront shaping.

Ivo M Vellekoop

    Optics Express
    |May 14, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Focusing light inside scattering materials is now possible by controlling light's wavefront. This breakthrough overcomes previous depth limitations in optical imaging, enabling clearer visualization within complex media.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Biomedical Imaging

    Background:

    • Light scattering traditionally limits imaging depth and resolution in biological tissues and other complex media.
    • Previous optical imaging techniques were fundamentally constrained by the diffusive nature of light propagation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent advancements in feedback-based wavefront shaping for focusing light through scattering objects.
    • To highlight methods enabling optical imaging beyond the scattering limit.

    Main Methods:

    • Spatially shaping the wavefront of incident light.
    • Utilizing feedback-based adaptive optics systems.
    • Iterative optimization of light patterns to achieve focus.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of light focusing inside strongly scattering media.
    • Overcoming the diffraction-limited resolution at depth.
    • Achieving high resolution and sensitivity in previously inaccessible regimes.

    Conclusions:

    • Wavefront shaping offers a powerful solution to the problem of light scattering in optical imaging.
    • These feedback-based approaches significantly extend the reach of optical microscopy and diagnostics.
    • Future research can leverage these techniques for advanced in vivo and in vitro imaging applications.