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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
52.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Impedance Monitoring for Cochlear Implant Surgery
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Changes in Gene Expression and Hearing Thresholds After Cochlear Implantation.

Hongzheng Zhang1, Gemaine Stark, Lina Reiss

  • 1*Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and †Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|May 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Cochlear implantation causes gene expression changes, including inflammation and tissue remodeling, linked to hearing loss. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) upregulation correlates with hearing threshold changes after implantation.

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Area of Science:

  • Otoacoustic emissions and audiology
  • Molecular biology and genetics
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Elective acoustic stimulation (EAS) cochlear implants can lead to residual hearing loss in 30-50% of patients.
  • The precise mechanisms behind this hearing loss remain unclear, with potential causes including mechanical trauma, inflammation, or tissue remodeling.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving EAS outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene expression changes in the cochlea following cochlear implantation.
  • To correlate these molecular changes with alterations in hearing thresholds.
  • To elucidate the pathways contributing to hearing loss after cochlear implantation.

Main Methods:

  • Guinea pigs underwent cochlear implantation, with non-implanted ears serving as controls.
  • Hearing thresholds were assessed at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days post-implantation.
  • Cochlear RNA was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for genes involved in inflammation, ion transport, and tissue remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Significant upregulation of inflammatory genes (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α) and ion homeostasis genes (e.g., Aqp3, Gjb3) was observed.
  • Tissue remodeling genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), were also upregulated.
  • Hearing loss peaked at 3 days post-implantation, with partial recovery by 14 days; MMP9 expression strongly correlated with hearing threshold changes.

Conclusions:

  • Cochlear implantation triggers molecular changes in the cochlea, mirroring middle ear inflammation but with distinct tissue remodeling patterns.
  • The observed upregulation of MMP9 is associated with hearing loss and may contribute to stria vascularis changes.
  • These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of hearing loss after cochlear implantation, guiding future therapeutic strategies.