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Prior infection exacerbates postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.

Iris B Hovens1, Barbara L van Leeuwen2, Csaba Nyakas3

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and I.B.Hovens@rug.nl.

American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
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Pre-existing infections in older rats worsened surgery-induced cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. This suggests infections before surgery may increase the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).

Keywords:
brain-derived neurotropic factorinfectionlearning and memoryneuroinflammationpostoperative cognitive dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a concern in older patients, often linked to surgery-induced neuroinflammation.
  • Preoperative inflammatory conditions may predispose individuals to POCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a prior pulmonary infection influences surgery-induced neuroinflammation and POCD in aged rats.
  • To determine the impact of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection on cognitive function and brain inflammatory markers post-surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Aged Wistar rats with a history of Mycoplasma infection were compared to healthy controls after undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.
  • Cognitive performance, exploratory behavior, systemic cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-12), and hippocampal/prefrontal cortex neuroinflammation markers were assessed postoperatively.

Main Results:

  • Infected rats exhibited exacerbated and prolonged postoperative cognitive impairment compared to healthy surgery controls.
  • Increased systemic cytokine levels and heightened microglial activation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were observed in previously infected rats.
  • Neuroinflammatory activity and cognitive changes persisted for at least 3 weeks after infection symptoms subsided.

Conclusions:

  • Preoperative infection exacerbates surgery-induced neuroinflammation and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.
  • Findings support the hypothesis that prior inflammatory events can worsen POCD.
  • Further research is needed to confirm if these effects are aging-specific and to elucidate the time course.