Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 12, 2026
10:19
Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
Published on: November 10, 2014
26.6K
Tuberculosis of the Thyroid-a Diagnostic Enigma
Rajesh Kumar Soni1, Ajit Sinha1
1Department of Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, 110029 India.
The Indian Journal of Surgery
|May 15, 2015
Summary
Thyroid tuberculosis is a rare condition, often secondary to other infections. Diagnosis via fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) now allows non-surgical treatment with anti-tubercular drugs.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pathology
Background:
- Thyroid tuberculosis is an exceptionally rare endocrine disorder, even in tuberculosis-endemic regions.
- It typically arises secondary to disseminated tuberculosis through hematogenous spread.
- Clinical presentations of thyroid tuberculosis are diverse.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in thyroid tuberculosis.
- To highlight the shift from surgical diagnosis to minimally invasive methods.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical and current diagnostic modalities for thyroid tuberculosis.
- Emphasis on the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).
- Discussion of treatment protocols for confirmed cases.
Main Results:
- Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become a primary diagnostic tool.
- Standard anti-tubercular treatment is effective, often obviating the need for surgery.
- Surgery is reserved for cases with suspected malignancy or inconclusive FNAC results.
Conclusions:
- Thyroid tuberculosis diagnosis and management have significantly evolved.
- FNAC and anti-tubercular therapy offer a less invasive and effective approach.
- Early diagnosis through FNAC improves patient outcomes and reduces surgical intervention.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
743
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
743
01:23The Thyroid Gland
9.0K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
9.0K
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
1.6K
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
1.6K
01:20Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
9.4K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
9.4K
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
2.3K
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
2.3K
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
1.5K
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
1.5K